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| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 30
| Issue : 2 | Page : 310-313 |
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| Modified functionally generated path technique to develop occlusal scheme in single complete denture |
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Anshika Agarwal1, Chandana Nair1, MK Singhal1, Piyush Upadhyay2
1 Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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| Date of Web Publication | 29-May-2019 |
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 Abstract | | |
Single maxillary denture often represents vigorous challenge to the practicing dentists. The difficulty arises when the maxillary dentures are set to fit the occlusion of natural mandibular teeth. The functionally generated pathway technique registers occlusal pathways of the posterior teeth in functional wax and is described as the “three-dimensional static expression consists of dynamic tooth movement.” The current article represents a technique for a patient who was rehabilitated with a maxillary complete denture, and a harmonious occlusion was achieved between the complete denture and the mandibular natural dentition. Functional maxillary denture is therefore in medical dentistry the successful culmination of human's high practice and represents the golden goal sought by every dental practitioner and expected by every denture patient. Keywords: Functional chew in, functionally generated path, removable prosthodontics, single complete denture
How to cite this article:
Agarwal A, Nair C, Singhal M K, Upadhyay P. Modified functionally generated path technique to develop occlusal scheme in single complete denture. Indian J Dent Res 2019;30:310-3 |
How to cite this URL:
Agarwal A, Nair C, Singhal M K, Upadhyay P. Modified functionally generated path technique to develop occlusal scheme in single complete denture. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 27];30:310-3. Available from: https://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2019/30/2/310/259214 |
| Introduction | |  |
Successful complete denture depends on many variables; three major factors which decide the success of complete denture are retention, stability, and support.[1] In natural articulation, the mandibular teeth move over the maxillary teeth in a harmonious manner. The cusps of upper jaw move in the fossae and grooves of opposing cusps of lower jaw, and normally, there should be no interference during the various mandibular movements.[2] The occlusal surfaces and incisal edges of the teeth need to have certain curved pathways that balance and function harmoniously with the movements of condyles in the glenoid fossae.[3] This is achieved by means of functionally generated path (FGP) technique. FGP is defined as a registration of the paths of movement of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth or occlusal rims of one dental arch in plastic, wax, or other medium attached to teeth or occlusal rims of opposing arch.[4] This article therefore discusses an alternative method to obtain a balanced occlusion for completely edentulous maxillary arch against mandibular natural dentition using FGP technique which was developed way back in the 1930s and is now becoming popular.[5]
| Case Report | | |
A 42-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, seeking replacement of missing upper teeth [Figure 1]. His dental history revealed extraction of mandibular teeth due to periodontitis 2 years ago. Generalized attrition of the mandibular teeth was evident. The mandibular occlusal plane was satisfactory without any supraeruption. Hence, no correction was needed.
In the 1st appointment, impressions of both the arches were made. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material (Zelgan 2008; DPI-India Mumbai, India) was used for making an impression of the mandibular natural dentition. The preliminary impression of the maxillary arch was made with an impression compound [Figure 2] (Pyrax, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India) and preliminary casts were made.[6]
In the 2nd appointment, custom tray was fabricated over the preliminary cast, border molding was performed, and a final impression was made with zinc oxide-eugenol impression paste (DPI Impression Paste, Mumbai). The impression was boxed and the cast was made with type III dental stone. An autopolymerizing acrylic resin record base was constructed on the maxillary cast and a modeling wax occlusal rim was made. An additional record base was constructed on the same cast and impression compound was used to fabricate another maxillary occlusal rim.[7],[8]
Modeling wax occlusal rim was adjusted for desired lip support and to establish desired vertical dimension of occlusion.[6] Carding wax was added to the full width and length of the impression compound occlusal rim. This assembly was inserted in the patient's mouth and the patient was guided to first close into centric occlusion. Indentations of the patient's mandibular teeth were recorded in the carding wax [Figure 3]. These indentations served as the future centric stops. The patient was then instructed to open the mouth and slowly move the jaw to either left or right (about 5 mm) and then slide the jaw back into the centric position. This was repeated several times before accepting it as the final record. The wax indentations of the mandibular teeth acted as a guide to close it in the centric position. This was done for both left and right lateral excursions. Similarly, the protrusive movement was also recorded.
The completed wax-path record was placed on the master cast, and the mandibular cast was removed from the articulator.
The generated wax path was carefully boxed and vacuum-spatulated, dental stone Type III was poured into it. This formed the stone core which was attached to the articulator. The wax was cleaned from the stone core.[9] All the artificial teeth were arranged against the stone core. Trial dentures were then inserted into the patient's mouth and were checked for esthetics, phonetics, vertical dimension, and centric occlusion. The denture was then processed. Laboratory remount was done of the processed dentures against the stone core [Figure 4]; the denture was inserted in the patient's mouth [Figure 5] without any deflective occlusal contacts; smooth protrusive and lateral excursions were achieved [Figure 6] and [Figure 7]. The patient satisfactorily accepted the denture as evident in recall visits and has been using it comfortably for the past 8 months.[6] | Figure 6: Functionally generated path prosthesis in occlusion (right side)
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 | Figure 7: Functionally generated path prosthesis in occlusion (left side)
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| Discussion | | |
FGP technique is a simple and positive approach which can produce excellent results. This technique is capable of producing very accurate results, but it demands great care and meticulous attention to detail.[2] In the present technique, patient's own functional jaw movements were used to form a three-dimensional opposing cast or template.[10] The patient reproduced a kinetic record of his own jaw movements in gliding and masticatory mandibular excursions. These centric and eccentric records were used to achieve a harmonious balanced occlusion in a single complete denture without modifying the natural dentition of the patient.[11] Vig described a similar technique but recommended the use of a fin of a resin placed into the central grooves instead of compound. The clinical and laboratory procedures were essentially the same as the usual denture techniques, except in the use of the FGP, the occlusal surfaces of the denture teeth were adjusted according to the stone core which represented the generated path.[9]
| Conclusion | | |
The FGP technique is indicated for complete denture opposed by natural or reconstructed teeth. Although above-mentioned method differs from the usual approach of denture construction, it can be easily mastered.[9] Harmoniously balanced occlusion between the maxillary complete denture and the mandibular natural dentition by modifying Meyer's FGP technique can be easily attained.[6] If the FGP technique is carefully recorded, only minimal occlusal adjustments will be required during denture insertion, which is a major advantage over the conventional technique.[2]
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Driscoll CF, Masri RM. Single maxillary complete denture. Dent Clin North Am 2004;48:567-83, v.  |
| 2. | Prashanti E, Sajjan S, Reddy JM. Fabrication of fixed partial dentures using functionally generated path technique and double casting. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:492-5. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 3. | Meyer FS. The generated path technique in reconstructive dentistry. Part 1. J Prosthet Dent 1959;9:354-66. |
| 4. | The glossary of prosthodontic terms: Ninth edition. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117:e1-105. |
| 5. | Minagi S, Tanaka T, Sato T, Matsunaga T. Double-casting method for fixed prosthodontics with functionally generated path. J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:120-4. |
| 6. | Upadhyay SR, Singh SV, Bhalla G, Kumar L, Singh BP. Modified functionally generated path technique for single complete denture against non-modified natural dentition. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2012;2:67-71. |
| 7. | Mohammed KK, Padmanabhan T, Swarup S, Subramaniam R. Comparative study of mandibular dentures made by neutral zone concept with conventional mandibular denture. Internet J Dent Sci 2011;9:2. |
| 8. | Khare A, Makkar S, Roshna T. Full mouth rehabilitation with fixed and removal prosthesis using extracoronal attachments: A clinical report. Peoples J Sci Res 2011;4:47-52. |
| 9. | Rudd KD, Morrow RM. Occlusion and the single denture. J Prosthet Dent 1973;30:4-10. |
| 10. | Ivanhoe JR, Plummer KD. Removable partial denture occlusion. Dent Clin North Am 2004;48:667-83, vi. |
| 11. | Vig RG. A modified chew-in and functional impression technique. J Prosthet Dent 1964;14:214-20. |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Anshika Agarwal
Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly - 243 001, Uttar Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_197_17
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7] |
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| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
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| Aayush Oswal, Krishna Kumar, Gautham Shetty, Sindhu Sudhakar Kumararama | | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. 2021; : 28 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
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